modified:: 2023-10-19, 1330
up:: Societal Solidarity
tags::
Organic Solidarity
Overview
Societal Solidarity due to the interdependence of the functions within society.
- Organised Society: Multiple functions due to Division of Labour.
- See #Quotes#What is Organic Solidarity.
- Functions are interdependent like organs with specific roles to keep the body which is society functional.
- Interdependence of functions -> Restitutive Laws & social customs.
- Anomic Division of Labour fixed as functions adapt to each other over time.
- Forced Division of Labour ???
- Restitutive Laws & social customs promote harmony & cooperation -> united society; solidarity.
- Restitutive Laws most obvious Social Facts to measure Organic Solidarity.
- Greater Division of Labour -> More Interdependence -> More Restitutive Laws -> More peace & cooperation.
Freedom
- More freedom & individuality based on Durkheim's Freedom and Individuality.
- Specialisation means each function are quite different; Complementary differences.
- Weakens Collective Consciousness due to differences -> more individuality & freedom.
- Collective Consciousness weakened -> Moral Facts trimmed to the most basic/universal/general, most essential rules.
- See #Quotes#Cult of the Individual.
- Whatever remains in common between all the different human experiences.
- Both a teacher & a retail worker would find murder bad.
Examples
- Marriage is a form of solidarity through interdependence and is beautiful.
- As opposed to Marx's crippled man.
- The different roles within a friend group like mum friend, joker, etc.
Quotes
Division of Labour to Interdependence
"The most notable effect of the division of labour is not that it increases the productivity of the functions that are divided in this way, but that it links them very closely together." (Durkheim, 1893, pg 21)
What is Organic Solidarity
"the society to which we are solidly joined is a system of different and special functions united by definite relationships." (Durkheim, 1893, pg 83)
"that network of ties that gradually becomes woven of its own accord and that makes organic solidarity something that is permanent." (Durkheim, 1893, 303)
Cult of the Individual
"…the collective consciousness is increasingly reduced to the cult of the individual, we shall see that the characteristic of morality in organised societies, as compared to segmentary societies, is that it posesses something more human, and consequently more rational, about it." (Durkheim, 1893, pg 338)